Analysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare - 1171 Words

Retributive justice is based on a system, of punishing, or rewarding someone according to what they deserve. What someone deserves is dictated by the actions of that person. Someone who does well with others automatically gets a good reward, while someone who commits a wrong gets punished in proportion to their deeds. For the story of Macbeth, there are multiple accounts of retributive justice. Evident, at evry level of the text, this theme can be felt and by the reader, wherein, the actions of the story’s characters become responsible for them in order to, gain or lose power and the actions taken against them. In the play Macbeth, multiple people act upon revenge. As it is said, that, time reveals the true personality of a person, like so, the story’s characters are faced by diverse circumstances, which compels, other characters of the story to get indulged into situations and do atrocious thins, which, at a different perspective, at times, become justifiable likewise. â€Å"An eye for an eye†, â€Å"what goes around comes around†, and â€Å"all in good time†, all these phrases have the same meaning, that is, you get what you deserve. The one who is angered carries out this justice, in a way that he thinks is right. They do it out of anger and resentment and at times the wrongdoer suffers more than what he deserves. When King Duncan find out that the Thane of Cawdor has sided with Norway, he orders for the execution of the Thane of Cawdor and give the title to Macbeth. This punishment byShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Macbeth by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote Macbeth between 1605 and1606 in what we call his dark period; it became one of his finest tragedies. Shakespeare loosely based his play on the historical chronicles of Ralph Holinshed. Macbeth, has everything one could wish from a tragic play: we have temptation, intrigue, murder, insanity, pathos and finally, retribution. Macbeth, highly esteemed by his monarch and peers, seems a highly Read MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1785 Words   |  8 PagesScotland! A man has a great ordeal on his hands. Some might say that Macbeth has a second chance or a life long dream that could change his future forever. Deep in the heart of Birnam forest, a castle sits upon Dunsinane Hill, with a man made foundation built from paved bricks that have housed the many Kings that have ruled this Kingdom. Macbeth hears a prophecy from three evil and dilapidated witches foretelling his future. Macbeth, terrified yet surprised, is unsure of his morals and is battling betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1149 Words   |  5 Pagesplaywright, William Shakespeare remains to this very day a man with a past shrouded in mystery. Very few documents provide historians insight on his personal life. In fact, the record of Shakespeare in his earliest years is limited to a mere baptismal record th at reveals his birth date to be around April 26, 1564. Fifty-two years later from that day, Shakespeare would be interred at Trinity Church. Born near London in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon as the third child to John Shakespeare, the localRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1266 Words   |  6 Pagesconflictions with not only self but others who may have a negative influence. Macbeth is a story of man, wanting to be recognized and have power. To get this power he will do anything, including murdering any man in his way. In doing so he slowly creeps into madness, leading him to only start harming innocent people because what his guilty conscience thought what was right was not. Macbeth conflicts with his self mind, Lady Macbeth is a major external conflict leading to both of them going mad, to thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1659 Words   |  7 PagesHonors 9 November 2015 Macbeth Essay The theme of tragedy appears in various amounts of movies, literature, and plays which provided entertainment for people throughout the years. Movies and plays such as â€Å"The Titanic† and â€Å"Romeo Juliet† gave audiences a pang of sadness and amusement as the story line unraveled. Notably, the prevalence of the theme occurs in Shakespearean plays such as the tale of Macbeth which displays Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. The play Macbeth lives up to Aristotle’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthough he did everything he could to preserve his power, Macbeth, as a result of his evil deeds, breaks down in the end. Thus, throughout Rupert Goold’s adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and the witches’ persuasion brings out the sinful side of Macbeth that is responsible for the initiation of his immoral deeds that will eventually leads him onto the path of destru ction. In the beginning of the film, Macbeth runs into a dilemma between having to choose loyalty or hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 PagesKnown for his tragedy, intrigue, comedy, and romance, Shakespeare extends his boundary of prowess in the play Macbeth. The irony present in the play, the double-meaning of the characters’ actions, and the complexity of setting all contribute to a thrilling story of murder and looking beyond the superficial. Dramatic, situational, and verbal irony greatly contribute to the theme of things are not what they seem in Macbeth text and film. Shakespeare uses the contrast in irony to convey this in the character’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1236 Words   |  5 Pagesit. This idea of equivocation is abundant in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth. In Macbeth, Shakespeare exposes literary devices such as illustrative imagery, sarcastic similes, an d dubious diction to unveil one of his many themes: Things are not always what they seem. Shakespeare beautifully illustrates this fact through the duplicity of Macbeth, his wife, the three suspicious witches, and king Duncan . Starting the play, Macbeth is a very much regarded saint who seems, by all accounts, to be an incredibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare2081 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare Essay Shakespeare uses language in his literary creations as a technique to enrich the ideas of his works. In his play Macbeth, Shakespeare uses metaphor as a useful way to enhance language and construct the overall idea. Macbeth revolves around the prospect of ‘power,’ and also focuses on what one is willing to do in order to gain power, and also to maintain it. Throughout the novel, Shakespeare uses metaphors and comparative techniques that link together to develop theRead MoreAnalysis of the Three Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare1776 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of the Three Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare In this essay, I am going to look at and explore the three witches in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. I will look at the way they are presented in each of their four scenes; how audiences might react to them and the part they play in his downfall. The witches don’t appear much in the play but bring about the idea of both evil and ambition. In Act 1 Scene 1 the mood is set. We first hear of the witches and the play

Meeting Children s Needs A Essential Aspect Of Teaching

Meeting children’s needs is a vital aspect of teaching whereby the needs of all children must be taken into consideration. Teacher’s professional practice is developed over time in various ways, for example through experience, preparation and reflection (Tack et al, 2014). My professional practice was informed by the module Meeting Children’s Needs (MCN) as it educated me on how to assist children to become successful learners. This can be achieved through various strategies that meet the diverse needs of each individual child. The national curriculum has at times been ambiguous on the matter of inclusion as it is a contentious term. A prominent philosophy within education was that children had to adapt themselves to classroom learning in†¦show more content†¦I agree with this broader definition like Dyson, which is now a system which encompasses all children no matter their race or ability and it is important that schools embrace diversity to ensure that effective learning of all takes place (Ainscowa, Booth Dyson 2003). Each child is special and as a practitioner working with children I have to be aware of all issues surrounding children’s lives as outside factors affect learning. This essay will focus on the case studies of C harlotte and Mikhail to illustrate how these case studies educated me on how to deal with children in similar situations and how my professional practice has been developed. These concepts of meeting children’s needs prepared me for my SEL experience in many ways. Firstly, it allowed me to understand the importance of inclusion and how this was crucial to effective learning. One pupil I profiled was Jake who was not statemented but the teacher made sure he was differentiated for so that he learnt effectively. Jake was very capable but he had behavioural issues and suffered from low self-esteem: very shy and liked working on his own. After his work was completed he would act out and throw bits of paper. This behaviour was similar to the case study of Charlotte as her behaviour deteriorated for attention. Charlotte just like Jake had low self-esteem; these children need to be pushed by their teachers so that they can reach their full potential. Maslow points to the importance of

Pampers Free Essays

The founders was James Gamble, a soap maker and William Procter, a candle maker and in Cincinnati in 1837. It is the producer of various everyday household goods. It is a key market leader within the consumer 140 countries, produces over 300 brands and has loyal customers worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Pampers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Company three business units: beauty (33%), health and well-being (21%), household care (46%). PG delivers its goods to drug stores, mass merchandisers, membership club stores and grocery stores. Pampers† this is one of the most famous revolutionary products of the Procter and Gamble, founded by Victor Mills. Pampers was especially build to meet the mothers need in innovative product on the market which will lighten the wash of the cloth papers and also leakage of them. This product came in the late sass’s. Procter Gambles development of the diaper changed the diapering habits of consumers worldwide. Consumers moved from purchasing the cloth diapers to disposable diaper, which is better to children’s skin, convenient to store, and has a good price comparing with cloth diapers. The company’s specialists developed an exceptional three-piece construction to take up the wetness, allocate it consistently and transmit fluid to the leaky core without passing it recessively to the skin. Procter and Gamble revived more than Just convenience ease and comfort for consumers. Pampers brought health benefits to babies who use Pampers. Clinical studies have shown that children who use Pampers have drier skin, and less frequent and less severe diaper skin complaint than those who use cloth diapers. P diapers are now distributed to more than 80 countries worldwide, with this representing a major contributor to Procter and Gamble world profits. (P, n. D. ) 1. 2 Core customer issues The disposable diapers market is a very profitable. In ELK, there are about seven endured and fifty thousand births for each year and the diapers are usually worn for three years. It is represents a relatively short customer lifetime for Pampers. The arrival of the Huggins challenges Pampers’ dominance of the traditional disposable diaper market in 1991. Huggins had earned 17% of the market by 1997 and it is reaching 30% in year 2000. Huggins continued to take share through a combination of competitive pricing and product innovation. One of the strengths of Huggins was promoted aggressively using their Mother and Baby Club and television. Huggins loud be the market leader in the fall of 2001 which is showed in growth pattern projections. Many mothers think that Huggins was the leader of market. When they interviewed, there was many discussion about latest news of Huggins. It reflects the growing strength of the Huggins brand. Trend analysis and consumer research found that there are two key trends affecting Pampers’ impact on the marketplace. The most up-to-date information from friends, the Internet or print replaces the way of UK mums in the way of making decisions and traditional reliance on advice from health professionals and parents. Pampers are forced by the proliferation of information channels to find out a new way to reduce the background noise to reach potential customers. DIM, 2012) To build sales and maintain customer loyalty by rewarding the consumer for purchasing their products, the customer loyalty programs are introduced by Pampers which include free samples, sweepstakes, sales promotions of coupons and rewards. Pampers uses direct marketing strategies to maintain customer loyalty once a consumer becomes a Pampers member. The strategies include sending pamphlets and brochures with important information about each development s tage as the nonusers child grows while promoting their products that fit each particular stage. While educating the consumer with valuable information pertaining to their growing child, Pampers is doing a great Job at promoting its products. Parents are offered the opportunity to share their baby’s pictures with the whole social field by Pampers. It is showing marketers that being where your customers are the first step in toddling towards success in its â€Å"Love, Sleep and Play’ campaign. It is launched in July 1 and runs until August 6 in year 2013. This campaign encourages moms and dads living in North America to upload pictures of their babies loving, playing and sleeping to the brand’s Faceable page. Then, Pampers will display the selected images on Twitter, the online gallery pages and Faceable. The communication manager of North America for Pampers, Mary Woods says social is a natural environment for the brand’s customers because it’s where they already converse with other parents, as well as with the brand. She also says Pampers collected more than 20,000 photo submissions in less than three weeks of the campaign’s launch. (Else Duper, 2013) 3. 0 Role of direct mail in relation to other channel . Direr mail Pampers direct mail package come with a variety of shapes and sizes, making it become one of the most flexible direct marketing media. An envelope, a brochure, a letter and a response device are included in a standard direct mail package. It is to motivate the recipient to open the standard direct mail package. The envelope must differentiate itself from other mail by its size, appearance and any copy that might be written on it regardless of the volume of mail a person receives. It provides the opportunity to directly address the interests and concerns of the recipient. The benefits of the detailed offer are usually clarified by the letter. Recipients are able to illustrate about the benefits of the offer from the brochure in letter. Illustrated brochures are used to sell services as well as products. The letter must include Response rates are generally higher when it is separated from the letter or brochure. Recipient can respond via telephone, toll-free numbers are always prominently displayed. The right timing, the right offer, the right person and the right format are factors in a successful direct marketing and it can be examined in direct mail. Mailers can run a test mailing to determine the response from a list before â€Å"rolling out,† or mailing the entire list by using computer technologies which can select a randomized name sample from any list. Direct mail provides the most cost-effective way of achieving the highest possible response in relation to the other direct marketing media. Telemarketing is much highest cost per response but it typically produces a higher response rate. 3. 2 Role of direct mail has changed since the arise of the Internet The role of direct mail has changed since the rise of the internet cause it slow, expensive and time consuming. There are new technologies which are CRY codes in nowadays. It allows a customer to be taken from the printed piece to a web location by using a mobile smart device equipped with a camera and an internet connection. The marketer benefits from the physical attributes of printed mail while leveraging the power of online experiences for reinforcement of the message, persuasion, and better conversion with this technology. 3. 3 Role of TV (Interactive television) Pampers use interactive television (TV) as communication strategy. Through the internet, interactive television combines the emotive strength of TV advertising with the depth and personalization available. It is the preferred interactive device in the home for nowadays and in the future. When the viewers are registered to receive a newsletter, data will be captured. The newsletter can be emailed to personal computer or television. Chance to see themselves and their babies on TV in the baby gallery or in the video area talking about baby development issues: ‘real babies, real mums, real tips’ are provided to parents. It also offers consumers the opportunity to sit a frequently asked questions area and to give feedback. 3. 4 Role of Internet Procter Gambles Pampers are good consumers struggle to establish and maintain differentiation from other disposable diaper brands percent. It is established to increase in a variety of ways, such as Pampers website (wry. Pampers. Com) basic product via an Internet site. Pampers Perks loyalty program which consumers have to collect points from Pampers diapers and wipes purchase and exchange them for the Sesame Street and Fisher-Price toys. Recently the customers are provided a chance to in a Chrysler minivan filled with diapers through Pampers Fantastic Sweepstakes. There is a convenient way to send a supply of Pampers such as Fisher-Price toy to a friend are provided in Pampers Gifts Packs. Pampers Parenting Institute provides advice from experts in child care, health and development through Parent Pages and it delivered by e-mail and customized to each stage of life from the third trimester through age four. The purpose of Pampers Parenting Institute as a public service campaign is to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome visible driver. Pampers is the second most popular baby care sites on the web with hundred million unique visitors per month because of the Pampers Parenting Institute. According to Advertising Age, consumers visiting the Pampers website are 30% more likely to buy effective. It provide unified communications which integrates e-mail, data transmission, instant messaging, voice transmission and electronic conferencing services. Web conferencing with Live Meeting, Microsoft Live Communications Server functionality and content management with Sharpening is the other services that included. Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Office Sharpening Server support multiple users with meeting schedules, shared calendars and mailboxes and Sharpening lists. Through offering support for customers, Customer Relationship Marketing provides competitive advantage to organization on a continuous basis while focusing on every customer’s wants and needs ensuring that these are satisfied in the best way (Hut and Sped, 2004). This strategy are successfully reduces the amount of cost that have to spend to seek new customers and gained the loyalty from customers (Hut and Sped, 2004). It shows the significance of managing the CRM and ensuring that all employees are well-equipped with knowledge of how to cope with any problems or complaints and how to treat customers that might happen from being involved directly with the customers (Taylor, 2007). Finally, Pampers has been successful in positioning its brand. They are consistent with their message and their consumers are well informed about their products. Pampers is successfully promoting its products while educating individuals about the developmental stages from newborns to toddlers. Of course, there is always room for improvements. Extending the product line to include bath products is one recommendation. Some examples could include Pampers shampoos, soaps, lotions, and oils. Pampers could promote their product by including coupons within or on their packaging. This encourages customer loyalty by rewarding the consumer with extra savings. Maybe Pampers could come up with reward points by issuing membership cards and each time used they earn points that add up to Pamper dollars and then redeemed when purchasing any Pampers products. How to cite Pampers, Papers

Rewards Management for Subsistence Theory of Wages- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRewards Management for Subsistence Theory of Wages. Answer: Introduction Human resource has been considered as one of the integral and expensive asset for any of the business entity. Maintaining and managing this asset is a crucial task and should be effectively and efficiently executed. A proper management of human resource will be reflected in the increased performance level and productivity of the organization. And hence, timely motivation is must. Rewards system is one of the approaches which will be aiding the entity in offering the employees with the desired level of satisfaction (Shields et al., 2015). The below executed analysis has been made focused on the rewards systems which can be adopted by the business organizations. The report has been primarily made focused on the approaches which are linked to the reward management system. Contrasting theoretical approaches of minimum wage determination The below presented are the theoretical approaches which have been critically evaluated: Subsistence theory of wages The above mentioned theory was framed by Physiocratic school of economist of 18th century (Renz, 2016). Moreover, further developments and improvements were made by the German economists Lasalle. Afterwards it was named or styled as the Iron law of wages and brazen. More contribution was offered by Ricardo and Malthus to this theory. Assumptions On the basis of the research conducted by Ricardo the below mentioned are the two assumptions on which the theory is based: A hike will be observed in the population As per the approach, wages of a labor for long run are resolute on the basis of the level of wages which are found to be sufficient for meeting the necessities of life and this level is termed as the subsistence level (Kumar and Varaiya, 2015). Neutral level of wages is the term which has been referred by the classical economists. This made the pro-pounders of the theory to keep a belief on the bargaining power of the labors. And in these situations the trade unifications played an integral role in bringing an enhancement in the wages. There is no difference found in the wages of labor and subsistence level for long run (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). And if there is a decrease in the level of wages then the workers would face a situation of starving and which will bring a reduction in the supply and this wage rate will provide a hike to the subsistence level Whereas, if there is an increase in the wages as compared to the subsistence level the labors would be encouraged to bear more childrens and which will bring an increase in the labor supply (Hughes, 2015). And this will bring the subsistence level down. Criticism:- On the basis of the conducted research it has been noted that there are some defects of the subsistence theory of wages which are mentioned as follows: One sided theory: The theory executes examination only one side of the wage determination .i.e. supply and the demand aspect is ignored. Pessimistic: The subsistence theory of wages has a high level of pessimistic for the working class. A dark or a negative image of the future of the society is also presented. Long period: Assumption of long run is the base of this theory and it does not provide any kind of description of determination of wages for a specific time period (Haider et al., 2015). Marginal productivity of wages The above mentioned theory has been considered as an integral theory for the concept of wages. For first the theory was propounded by Thunnen and later some modifications were made by the economists like Wicksteed, Walras, and J.B Clark. The theory of marginal productivity states that the contribution served by the labor is the criteria on which the labors are paid. The main reason for which the manufacturer hires the labor is the ability which is possessed by him and which will tend him to offer to contribute to the production process (Johnston and Marshall, 2016). The more the contribution of the labor the more will be the wages paid to him and the same is in the case of low contribution the wages offered will be low. According to Dooley it has been analyzed that the term marginal productivity of labor can also be referred to the change in the total revenue by adding one more laborer and keeping all the other elements constant (Albalooshi, Ali and Al-Ansi, 2017). Whereas it has been described by the Prof S.E Thomas that as an outcome of the completion between workforce for labor and laborers for employment determination of wage rate and that is equal to the marginal productivity of labor force the owners are willing to employ. Criticism:- Unrealistic assumptions: The primary defect or fault with the theory is that it is based on impractical expectations such as homogenous character of labor; perfect completion etc. and all these assumptions do not prevail in real world. Incomplete: One more fault detected in the theory is that it fails to address into account that labor is also a occupation of wages (Joseph, 2014). The reason for low productivity may be due to the impact of low wages which have adverse impacts over the efficiency of the labor and which also leads in bringing a reduction in the labor productivity. Static theory: A criticism over the theory has been done by Lord J M Keynes that the theory is based on the static situations. This theory is proved true only when there are no changes in the economy. But in case of real practices this fails as change is the law of nature though it may come gradually. Alignment of stakeholders approaches with reward management Stakeholder is the person or the group of person who takes interest in organizational activities. Stakeholders could be affected with the organizational actions, policies, etc. Directors, employees, shareholders, suppliers, etc. are some of the crucial stakeholders of the organization. There are two types of stakeholders, one is internal and the other one is external stakeholders (Tyson, 2014). The person or the group of person linked up with the organization in the organizational premises is known as internal stakeholders such as employees, directors, managers, etc. Apart from them, all are included in the external stakeholders category such as investors, suppliers, shareholders, etc. Contemporary reward management program defines the fulfillment of the employees basic needs, prospering them adequately in relation with their performances, etc. in order to motivate them towards their tasks. In terms of the FCA (fair Work Commission), organization needs to follow the rules described by them in relation with the internal stakeholders of the organization i.e. employees (Riasat, Aslam and Nisar, 2016). These are vital element of the organization and their contribution becomes the strength for the organization in order to attain its goals and the objectives. FCA has declared some rules in relation with the industries, organizations with regards to the minimum wages for the employees in the Australia. With the effect of this rule, no organization could hire any employee below the wages described under Fair Work Act, 2009. Apart from the basic pay, this act also defines that employee should be prospered with the adequate amount of incentives, bonuses, additional benefits as per their performances. Providing additional benefits to the employees in relation with their performances helps them to get motivated and along with the employees who get additional benefits, other employees also gets motivated and they start performing better in relation with their past performances with regards to prospered with the additional benefits. This helps the organization to attain its goals and the objectives in an adequate manner. In relation to the stakeholders, approach of contemporary reward management says that every stakeholder should be flourished in monetary or in the kind form as per their performances. From directors till the workers in the internal stakeholders and from suppliers till the investors in the external stakeholders plays crucial role in organizational performances (Emmer and Sabornie, 2014). Hence, they should be flourished as per their performances in order to motivate them which will lead to complete the tasks in the certain period of time with positive outcomes. Conclusion In the limelight of the above executed analysis it has been concluded that human resource is the most valuable asset for any of the business organization and a proper management of the same should be implemented within each and every organization. Hence the above report has been made focused on the rewards systems which can be implemented so as to enhance the effectiveness and performance level. The report also comprises of the theoretical approaches for analyzing the minimum wage determination and also the limits to which the the stakeholders approaches can be aligned with contemporary reward management. References Albalooshi, A.M., Ali, A.B. and Al-Ansi, A.A., 2017. The Effect of Job Loyalty, Management Performance and Rewards and Recognition on Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from UAE.International Business Management,11(3), pp.721-728. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Emmer, E. and Sabornie, E.J. eds., 2014.Handbook of classroom management. Routledge. Haider, M., Aamir, A., Hamid, A.A. and Hashim, M., 2015. A literature analysis on the importance of non-financial rewards for employees job satisfaction.Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences,8(2), pp.341-354. Hughes, C., 2015. The rewards and challenges of setting up a tier 3 adult weight management service in primary care.Br J Obes,1(1), pp.1-40. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Joseph, N.A., 2014. Extrinsic Rewards: An Adventist Curriculum Perspective for Classroom Management.International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development,3(3), pp.15-22. Kumar, P.R. and Varaiya, P., 2015.Stochastic systems: Estimation, identification, and adaptive control. Society for industrial and applied mathematics. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Riasat, F., Aslam, S. and Nisar, Q.A., 2016. Do Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards influence the Job satisfaction and Job performance? Mediating Role of Reward System.Journal Of Management Info,11(1), pp.16-34. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Tyson, S., 2014.Essentials of human resource management. Routledge.

Virginia Woolf Essays - Bloomsbury Group, Virginia Woolf

Virginia Woolf "Virginia Woolf - A Life of Struggle and Affliction" The literary critic Queenie Leavis, who had been born into the British lower middle class and reared three children while writing and editing and teaching, thought Virginia Woolf a preposterous representative of real women's lives: "There is no reason to suppose Mrs. Woolf would know which end of the cradle to stir." Yet no one was more aware of the price of unworldliness than Virginia Woolf. Her imaginative voyages into the waveringly lighted depths of "Mrs. Dalloway" and "To the Lighthouse" were partly owed to a freedom from the literal daily need of voyaging out - to the shop or the office or even the nursery. Her husband, Leonard Woolf, believed that without the aid of her inheritance his wife would probably not have written a novel at all. For money guaranteed not just time but intellectual liberty. "I'm the only woman in England free to write what I like," she exulted in her diary in 1925, after the publication of "Mrs. Dalloway" by the Hogarth Press, which she and Leonard had set up to free her from the demands of publishers and editors. What she liked to write turned out to be, of course, books that gave voice to much that had gone unheard in the previous history of writing things down: the dartings and weavings of the human mind in the fleet elaborations of thought itself (Malcomi, 4). "Mrs. Dalloway" is a finespun tribute to the complexities of social interaction on a single day in London in 1923, ending with a shallow society hostess's glittering party; it is also one of the Patton 2 written about the effects of World War I. Virginia Woolf was not without politics or fierce worldly concerns (4-5). The diaries and letters spanning both world wars are filled with bulletins arguments, terrors of distant armies and next-door bombs and the precariousness of the entire civilization of which she knew herself to be a late, probably too exquisite bloom. Her art is less direct. In her novels the resonance of great events sounds from deep within individual lives. More than any other writer, Woolf has shown us how the most far-off tragedies become a part of the way we think about our daily expectations, our friends, the colors of a park, the weather, the possibility of going on or the decision not to. The old image of Virginia Woolf the snob has largely given way to various loftier characterizations: Virginia Woolf the literary priestess, or the Queen of ever-titillating Bloomsbury, or - most influentially - the vital feminist whose requisite "room of her own" came to seem the very workshop in which such books as "The Second Sex" and "The Feminine Mystique" were later produced (Reinhart, 27). Recently, however, Woolf has been granted a too modern female pantheon: the victim. The discovered molestations of her childhood, the bouts of madness that led to her suicide, seem now to commend rather than to qualify her right to speak for women. But Woolf's personal example is in the strength and the steady professionalism that kept her constantly at work - the overambitious failures as sweated over as the lyric triumphs. For all her fragility as a woman, she was a writer of gargantuan appetite, and she knew full well how much she intended to enclose in her fine but prodigious, spreading, unbreakable webs. "Happier today than I was yesterday," she wrote in her diary in January 1920, "having this afternoon arrived at some idea of new form for a new novel (Reinhart, 36). Suppose one thing of another ... only not for 10 pages but for 200 or so - doesn't that give the looseness and Patton 3 lightness I want; doesn't that get closer and yet keep form and speed, and enclose everything, everything?" She not only said that she was depressed, but that she was going 'mad' again, and beginning to hear voices. She could not concentrate, and believed she could not read or write. She was hopeless and self-critical, and to the end maintained that her suicide was justified and that she would not recover. Her suicide was planned and determined, and despite a possible failed attempt a week earlier cannot be seen as an impulsive gesture that went wrong. When she wrote at the end of her life that she was going mad 'again', she spoke the truth and from lengthy experience. She had her first breakdown at the age of thirteen, and others when she was twenty-two, twenty-eight, and

Sociology and Answer Essay Example

Sociology and Answer Essay Example Sociology and Answer Paper Sociology and Answer Paper Essay Topic: We Real Cool 1. Sociological Perspective Sociology is defined as: | a. | the methodological analysis of groups and individuals. | | | b. | the scientific analysis of premodern people. | | | c. | the academic discipline that examines individual human behavior. | | | d. | the systematic study of human society and social interaction. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society is referred to as: | a. | the reality perception. | | | b. | the sociological imagination. | | | c. | the conflict perception. | | | d. the symbolic interaction approach. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 3| French philosopher ________ is credited with having coined the term sociology to describe a new science that would engage in the study of society. | a. | Emile Durkheim| | | b. | Herbert Spencer| | | c. | Max Weber| | | d. | Auguste Comte| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 4| In Society in America, ________ examined religion, politics, child rearing, slavery, and immigration to the United States, paying special attention to social distinctions based on class, race, and gender. | a. | Harriet Martineau| | | b. | Auguste Comte| | c. | Jane Addams| | | d. | Herbert Spencer| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 5| French sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that rapid social change and a more specialized division of labor produce strain in society; these strains lead to a breakdown in traditional organization, values, and authority and to a dramatic increase in: | a. | cultural conflict. | | | b. | social disorganization. | | | c. | anomie. | | | d. | social solidarity. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 6| This German economist and philosopher stressed that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces . He believed that class conflict is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society. | a. | Karl Marx| | | b. | Frederick Schmidt| | | c. | Max Weber| | | d. | Emile Durkheim| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 7| The first department of sociology in the United States was established ________, where the faculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association). | a. | at Harvard University| | | b. | at the University of Chicago| | | c. | at Yale University| | | d. | at the University of California at Berkeley| | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  b your answer:  | 8| ________ perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system. | a. | Conflict| | | b. | Functionalist| | | c. | Interactionist| | | d. | Developmental| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 9| Debbie is interested in how changes in society are related to homelessness. She is examining how the movement of factory jobs from the United States to overseas locations has contributed to the increase in the number of homeless people. Debbie is conducting a: | a. | macrolevel analysis. | | | b. | microlevel analysis. | | | c. | mesolevel analysis. | | d. | transactional-level analysis. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 10| Sociologists applying a ________ framework to the study of consumerism would primarily focus on a microlevel analysis of peoples face-to-face interactions. | a. | functionalist| | | b. | conflict| | | c. | symbolic interactionist| | | d. | postmodern| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 2. Sociological Research Methods Sociologists obtain their knowledge of human behavior through ________, which results in a body of information that helps us move beyond guesswork and common sense in understanding society. a. | commonsense ideas| | | b. | research| | | c. | myths| | | d. | scientific laws| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 2| A trademark of sociology involves the unmasking of fallacies in the everyday and official interpretations of society. This process is called: | a. | debunking. | | | b. | reformative. | | | c. | demystifying. | | | d. | deductive reasoning. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 3| The relationship between theory and research has been referred to as a continuous cycle. The theory and research cycle consists of two approaches. In the ________ approach, the researcher begins with a theory and uses research to test the theory. | a. | normative| | | b. | inductive| | | c. | deductive| | | d. | explanatory| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 4| Researchers in one study examined the effects of church membership, divorce, and migration on suicide rates in the United States and concluded that suicide rates are typically higher where divorce and migration rates are higher and church membership is lower. This is a(n) example of ________. | a. | quantitative research| | | b. | observational research| | | c. | qualitative research| | d. | explanatory research| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 5| ________ are the abstract elements representing some aspect of the world in simplified form (such as social integration or loneliness). | a. | Operational definitions| | | b. | Principles| | | c. | Theories| | | d. | Concepts| | | status:  not answered  () co rrect:  d your answer:  | 6| Suppose that your goal is to earn an A in this sociology course. Your professor may have created a(n) ________, by specifying an A as earning a test average of 90 percent or above. | a. | qualitative variable| | | b. | statement of correlation| | c. | interpretative statement| | | d. | operational definition| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 7| As a researcher, you must decide which population persons about whom you want to be able to draw conclusions will be observed or questioned. In ________, every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected. | a. | probability sampling| | | b. | scattered sampling| | | c. | random sampling| | | d. | rotational sampling| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 8| ________ research is likely to be used when the research question does ot easily lend itself to numbers and statistical methods. | a. | Formulation| | | b. | Quantitative| | | c. | Conventional| | | d. | Qualitative| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 9| Self-administered questionnaires have certain strengths. Which of the following was  not  identified as a strength of self-administered questionnaires? | a. | They are relatively simple and inexpensive to administer. | | | b. | They have a very high response rate. | | | c. | They allow for rapid data collection and analysis. | | | d. | They permit respondents to remain anonymous. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b our answer:  | 10| The American Sociological Association requires that sociologists adhere to all of the following,  except: | a. | researchers are allowed to use any means necessary in conducting their research projects. | | | b. | researchers must maintain objectivity and integrity in their research findings by disclosing the findings even if they do not support their views. | | | c. | researchers must protect confident ial information provided by their participants. | | | d. | researchers must acknowledge research collaboration and assistance they receive from others and disclose all sources of financial support. | | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 3. Culture ________ is the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society. | a. | Social organization| | | b. | Society| | | c. | Technology| | | d. | Culture| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| Sociologists define ________ as the knowledge, techniques, and tools that make it possible for people to transform resources into usable forms, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed. | a. | industrialization| | b. | technology| | | c. | material culture| | | d. | cybernetics| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 3| All of the following statements regarding cultural universals are true,  except: | a. | cultural universals include appearance, activities, social institutions, and customary practices. | | | b. | some customs and practices are found in all cultures. | | | c. | the specific forms of cultural universals vary from one group to another and from one time to another within the same group. | | | d. | sociologists are in agreement that cultural universals are the result of functional necessity. | | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 4| From the ________ perspective, a shared language is essential to a common culture; language is a stabilizing force in society. | a. | postmodernist| | | b. | conflict| | | c. | symbolic interactionist| | | d. | functionalist| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 5| According to sociologist Robin Williams, a belief in the idea that the American way of life is best illustrates the core value of ________. | a . | racism and group superiority| | | b. | equality| | | c. | progress and material comfort| | | d. | freedom and liberty| | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  a your answer:  | 6| Eric is attending classes at the local college. He believes in the idea of success, but he does not spend as much time as he could studying to achieve a higher grade point average. His behavior is an example of ________ culture. | a. | universal| | | b. | ideal| | | c. | material| | | d. | real| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 7| Values provide ideals or beliefs about behavior but do not state explicitly how we should behave. ________ are established rules of behavior or standards of conduct. | a. | Sanctions| | | b. | Norms| | | c. | Folkways| | | d. | Mores| | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 8| All parts of culture do not change at the same pace. Sociologist William Ogburn referred to this disparity as ________, a gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions. | a. | cultural division| | | b. | cultural diffusion| | | c. | cultural leveling| | | d. | cultural lag| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 9| The popularity of pinatas in China, Italy, Spain, Mexico, the United States, and other nations is an example of: | a. | cultural diversity. | | | b. | cultural discovery. | | | c. | cultural diffusion. | | d. | cultural lag. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 10| During the Olympic Games, the spirits of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as the best. This illustrates the principle of: | a. | self-centeredness. | | | b. | ethnocentrism. | | | c. | authoritarianism. | | | d. | cultural relativism. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 4. Socialization ________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. a. | Acculturation| | | b. | Reification| | | c. | Self-representation| | | d. | Socialization| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| The case of Genie, an isolated child, illustrates that: | a. | children who have experienced extreme isolation do not live long enough to reach adulthood. | | | b. | isolated children actually can recover quickly from any physical damages. | | | c. | children who experience social isolation and neglect may be defined as retarded when they reach adulthood. | | | d. | with proper therapy, children who have been isolated can become a part of the mainstream. | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 3| The basic assumption in ________ psychoanalytic approach is that human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals. | a. | George Herbert Meads| | | b. | Jean Piagets| | | c. | Si gmund Freuds| | | d. | Charles Horton Cooleys| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 4| Drawing from psychologist Sigmund Freuds theory, ________ identified eight psychosocial stages of development, reasoning that each stage is accompanied by a crisis or potential crisis that involves transitions in social relationships. a. | George Herbert Mead| | | b. | Jean Piaget| | | c. | Charles Horton Cooley| | | d. | Erik Erikson| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 5| In order to assess womens stages of moral development, Carol Gilligan conducted a study of pregnant women who were contemplating having an abortion. According to Gilligan, women in the first stage of moral development were primarily motivated by: | a. | a desire to do what is best for themselves and for others. | | | b. | their responsibility to others. | | | c. | selfish concerns. | | | d. | anger. | | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  c your answer:  | 6| F our components make up our self-concept: the  active  self is best reflected in which of the following? | a. | I am good at soccer. | | | b. | I am nice to others. | | | c. | I am tall. | | | d. | I believe in world peace. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 7| George Herbert Meads concept of the ________ refers to the childs awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the childs subculture. | a. | secondary other| | | b. | generalized other| | | c. | perceived other| | | d. | significant other| | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 8| According to psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner, in the ________, a child is engaged in immediate face-to-face interactions with the childs parents, siblings, and other immediate family members. | a. | macrosystem| | | b. | exosystem| | | c. | microsystem| | | d. | mesosystem| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 9| In the ________ pe rspective, when we examine the context in which family life takes place, we see that grandparents and other relatives have a strong influence on how parents socialize their children. In turn, the childrens behavior may have an effect on how parents, siblings, and grandparents get along with one another. | a. | conflict| | | b. | functionalist| | | c. | postmodern| | | d. | symbolic interactionist| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 10| ________ is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society. | a. | Gender socialization| | | b. | Cultural acquisition| | | c. | Developmental maturation| | | d. | Exchange theory| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  |

Belgium devolution - rationale and mechanisms, relationship to Essay

Belgium devolution - rationale and mechanisms, relationship to national and local government, extent of powers - Essay Example The rationale for Belgium devolution is elaborated with the help of following points: These differences between groups had led to significant conflicts inflicting upon the economic growth of Belgium, hindering appropriate policy making, instability of government regimes and leading to financial crisis in the country. 9 The division between two broader groups viz. French and Dutch communities based on language was spotted all over the country. Flanders and Wallonia, in particular, exhibited significant social and economic differences.11 The process of devolution and federalisation was initiated as a means to resolve the conflicts among regions and communities, and to bring them in cooperation with the federal government by empowering them with the rights central to their activism. 12 The rationale for devolution involved the sense that the Communities were entrusted with responsibilities that they were more engaged with i.e., the individual and state services. The power encompassing territorial scenario was assigned to the Regions. The federal government, on the other hand, kept with it the critical and significant aspects of state affairs. 14 In this way, the devolution separated the Regions and Communities in terms of responsibilities and activities, it empowered them and allowed them much liberty to exercise their rights towards the betterment of their specific areas and competencies. It was based on the logic that the individual efforts of Regions and Communities would lead to the collective betterment of Belgian public. Asymmetrical i.e. the authority exercised by Regions and Communities in different areas are different. For example, in Flemish area, the Regions and Communities share single authority. In the French speaking area, on the other hand, the Regions and communities have separate authorities with different governments and councils.16 There is no hierarchy of standards i.e. the Regions and Communities are granted